Segurança coletiva na América do sulpossibilidade de formação de uma Comunidade Regional de Segurança a partir da UNASUL e o planejamento estratégico da Marinha do Brasil

Abstract

Always humanity had a great concern with your physical safety. While it is true that several theories have been created to try to explain the origin of societies based on this fear, natural and understandable, the lack of security guarantees. Hobbes preached that the man gave up part of their individual rights, transferring them to a "creature" greater than he called Leviathan, which becomes the state as we know it today, who would be responsible for collective defense, maintenance peace and conflict resolution. Throughout the history of the world, other needs have emerged in the International System (SI), the diversified interests and conflicts between people or states now have a multitude of reasons. The material and technological development of humanity did not follow the corresponding social and economic development that would allow access to all and similarly to material goods and social welfare. Thus, conflicts still exist, requiring States to be prepared to defend its territory, its wealth and its population. One way to provide this security is the formation of Regional Security Complex (CRS). The theory of CRS is advocated by the Copenhagen School of security studies and some regions even before the CRS concept has been formulated already sought association between states to achieve peace and cooperation necessary for economic and social development of their populations . The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), formed in 1967, was a successful way of achieving the characteristics of a CRS, having consolidated and strengthened since then, with clear benefits for the population of the member countries and setting an example for regions seeking unity and cooperation as a means of development. In South America some way attempts made in this direction, particularly the Organization of the Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization (ACTO), MERCOSUR and, more recently, UNASUR. However, the components in the region have not yet the necessary political understanding that the results were encouraging. What can we learn from the Asian experience, similarities and differences between them and the countries of South America and what can we expect of UNASUR as the embryo of a future collective security area of South America, and the consequences of this possibility in planning strategic of the Navy of Brazil, are the issues that will be addressed throughout the work.