Gestão de água de lastro e sedimentos

Abstract

The use of ballast had its inception in order to maintain a minimum draft, stability, reduce structural tensions, improve conditions for maneuvering of vessels made of steel, which in their design, were made to always carry a minimum load. Water, liquid ballast material was more viable and economical to be used, but with such use, other undesirable elements were also transported as water contamination due to radiation, and exotic organisms. The radioactive components can be incorporated into the marine organisms that can be ingested by man, it is therefore are contaminating. Since the arrival of an alien species can generate a lot of problems for the local ecosystem, such as a voracious predator with no natural predator in the new environment, a decimating native species and ends with its complete fixation. The IMO in 1999 created the Glo bal Management of Ballast Water (GloBallast), with the support of participating countries and the shipping industry. The Maritime Authority normalizes for the Management of Ships' Ballast Water with 20 NORMAN, Brazilian document that applies to all ships or foreign nations, using Brazilian ports and terminals. New inventions for solving the problem of bioinvasion are mostly under implementation and testing or in conceptual elaboration. In most cases, equipment is installed on the ship to eliminate bioinvasores present in ballast water. The main technologies exist today are: filtration, hydrocyclone, heating, electric shock, ultraviolet irradiation, application of biocides, and deoxygenation.