Navegação nas regiões polares: seus métodos e objetivos

Abstract

In the polar regions, known as the extreme planet, regions boundaries to north and south, we found characteristics so typical and adverse of the weather, environmental conditions, the nature phenomena, but navigationsin these regions is used tofishing, scientific research, projects thatmake these areas a hub of information on the nature and environment. The navigation in the polar regions although not as common subject and approached as other types of navigations explored nowadays, it’s an important activity that requires a lot of precision, for being held in places with different caracteristics and climates of the usual.The navigation in these regions also require quality equipment needed for a perfect operation, appropriate ships and knowledge of the area explored. Knowing the factors that influence the navigation is of great importance and also to know the performance of equipments and navigation systems related.This type of navigation is achieved with equipments and navigation systems that enables security throughout the hole trip, they are the magnetic compass, the gyrocompass, the radar, echo sounder, instruments that must always be available when it comes to peculiar regions, for having unique characteristics and special conditions as extremely high latitudes and meteorological factors.The polar navigation practiced in the colder regions of the Earth, the Arctic and Antarctica have important goals, one of the important ones id the scientific research with projects based on studies carried out in these areas, about the local weather,animals, climate, soil, relief,temperatures, and the whole ecosystem. As an example of a research project we have the Operation Antarctica (OPERANTAR), a scientific program of quality and international impact.For these reasons restricted areas, it was seen that there is a need for technology in large vessels, for example, besides the radar pulses normally used must also possess a radar Doppler to determine the relative speed of an approaching icebergs and other blocks of ice, among other equipment of great importance,used to get reliability of navigational security.