Navegação na zona polar: derretimento das calotas polares e a abertura da rota nordeste

Abstract

It is necessary, beforeto understand what is and what benefits the new Northeast Route representsto world maritime trade, to meet some other points surrounding the subject. First of all, to introduce the topic, it is made asuperficial description of the Northeast Route, as well as the weather factors that are influencing the opening of this new route andthe main consequences and economic trends ofthe countries that are directly related or involved with the opening of the passage. Soon after this, it is crucial to know the physical aspects of the oceans, being aware of their division and distribution on the globe, in order to be able to discover the possible paths between the many intercontinental or international ports. And yet, to demand the Arctic waters, is exposed the main features of the region. Apart from the above points, it is important to know the hazardsfaced by navigation in polar areas, used in crossing the Northeast Route, such as the effects of high latitudes and local weather conditions -to get a sense of what will be faced during navigation in the area and be able to prepare for the dangers. The existence or not of the Northeast Route navigable throughout the year is based on assumptions and factors of climate change affecting with considerable intensitythe Arctic region, as global warming or the effect of the lunar cycle on the rising sea level. In the penultimate chapter, the definition and history of the taming of the Northeast Route is exposed as a fundamental knowledge of the object of this monograph. Knowing the new route, you can easily understand the reason forits great economic importance and interest both of shipping companies as major European and East Asian ports, as well as countries that mediate the route -such as Russia. Finally, as a final consideration, it is emphasizedonce again the worldwide economic importance thatthis route causes mainly to countries in Europe and East Asia, especially if expectations of the reason fordefrostin the Arcticareconfirmed, based on hypothesis of global warming.