A Geopolítica do petróleo. A nova perspectiva brasileira e seus reflexos para a Marinha do Brasil (MB): Os reflexos para a MB decorrentes das questões ambientais relacionadas com a exploração do petróleo

Abstract

Oil remains the main energy component of the global energy matrix. Brazil, with the P re - S alt, is gaining increasing importance in the exploration of this input. The main area of oil exploration in the Brazilian Blue Amazon. About 90% of the national production comes from the sea, there is therefore a major concern with environmental issues. The Deepwater Horizon accident in the Gulf of Mexico, in 2010, which polluted the coast of Louisiana, Florida, Alabama and Mississippi, a nd the oil spill in 2011, the Frade field, warned of the importance of having procedures designed to mitigate such situations. The effective exploitation of existing fields in the Pre - Salt is in an initial phase, which after its implementation will result in an estimated production of more than five million barrels of oil per day, with the predictability of an increase in maritime activity. The environmental issues have become more considered, from the year 1970, and became even more relevant in the face of numerous impacts that have befallen the world, such as the deterioration of the ozone layer, transboundary pollution, etc.. In the 1990s, there began to be a change as to focus on the environment, from political to the securitization. This concept of secu ritization has become assimilated into society, as a way to provide security in areas other than traditional, due to the importance of the topic and its relevance to everyone. This new proposal was developed by Buzan, Waever and De Wilde, in 1990. In this instance, there is also a safety energy, ie the ability of a state to ensure the continuous flow of energy inputs. In Brazil, the oil industry is considered a potentially polluting activity. For the operation of platforms in Brazilian waters is necessary f or the approval of the Navy of Brazil, the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources and the National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels, within its jurisdiction. The challenge of environmental safety combined with energ y security reflects the need for the country has a robust legislation, procedures and material and human resources that can ensure the operation with the necessary security and to avoid potential interference with internal or external, this activity in the event of an accident. The purpose of this paper is to present environmental challenges for the Navy of Brazil, which has the legal competence of the prevention of water pollution caused by oil spills from vessels, platforms, in Brazilian waters and monito ring the face of rising oil activity, especially due to the P re - S alt.