A determinação ou correção de uma derrota marítima segundo as previsões meteorológicas e oceanográficas

Abstract

The meteorological and oceanographic phenomena are well organized and right conditions are needed to produce them. Depending on the intensity level, the phenomena can change the sea state, wind and visibilityconditionsdrastically, endangering the safety of navigation.In order to keep this safety and to avoid extra expenses for the owner, all seamen must have the knowledge to be able to act in the best way when they are next to or in order to avoid phenomena that affect navigation.Navigation in high latitudes, for example, is ideal to take a orthodromic navigation, because ofthe large reduction in distance compared to the rhumb line.However, the seaman must pay attention everymonth that the navigationwill be done, check the appropriate pilot charttoknowwhether to adopt a orthodromic routedoes not put at risk the safety of the entire vessel. At high latitudesthere are several risks likeicebergs, bergy bits, growlers that if crash with the ship can result in serious damage oreven sinkit.Furthermore, theseamanmust pay attentiontothe climatecharts and seasons to know if, in themedium to high latitudes, is a period of gale or extensive fogs, because of the significant visibilityreduction andsea conditions changethat each one cause.Therefore, seafarershaveto knowclimatic parameters from wherewill navigate to know what phenomenon they can find to plan the best route.Butit isalsoimportant to follow the evolution of time daily.Withpilotcharts is possibletoknowwhat arethe months of occurrence of hurricanes, but seeingsatellite images, pressureat sea levelsynoptic charts and weather reports is possible to know in advance the emergence of tropical cyclones at a suitable distance to avoid it.With these meteorological products it is also possible to identify the position and evolution of extratropical cyclones that change dangerously the sea state and along other factors form the abnormal waves on the southeast coast of South Africa. So, with all thesemeteorological publicationsand products on hands, added to knowledge, the seafarerhas the tools to take the right actions in each of these situations, making navigation something extremely accurate.