Intervenções humanitárias: O dilema entre a soberania estatal e a prática das intervenções humanitárias

Abstract

The Westphalia treat (1648) stablished a series of concepts, to include the principle of “non- intervention”. However, this concept is not showing to be static and has been evolving over the time, following the transformations of the inte rnational society. With the creation of uppernational organizations such as the United Nati ons, the maintenance of international peace and the protection of human rights become per manent objectives of the humankind and the right to make use of armed force starts to be r estricted to very specific conditions. The end of the Cold War (1947-1989) associated with the fas t evolution of comunication medias exposes to the International Community degraded sit uations to which some populations are submitted, many times, by individuals of their own State. These situations lead to a state of unrest of the international public opinion and to U nited Nations declarations, that in short period, start to adopt more and more assertive poli cies and ending up with the proposition of humanitarian interventions, in protection of the hu man rights of the persecuted populations. The shock between the notions of sovereignty and hu man rights lead to the discussion of the relation between state sovereignty and the practice of humanitarian interventions. The relations among States within the International Sys tem reinforces the discussions and raises a series of questions about the humanitarian interven tions legitimacy. The purpouse of the work is to study recent scenarios, after the Cold War, w here the Humanitarian argument was evoked to justify military interventions and to show how t he International Community stands before this new reality.