Líquen plano oral: aspectos clínicos e etiopatogênicos

Abstract

Lichen planus is a mucocutaneous disease, characterized by an unspecific inflammatory process and it is considered the most frequent dermatological disease affecting oral mucosa. It is frequently seen in women between 30-60 years. It is estimated that 0.5% to 2.0% of the world population presents oral lichen planus (OLP). The worldwide malignancy transformation is less than 0.5% and it is not possible to predict such event. Its etiopathogenesis has not been elucidated, however it is believed that an abnormal immune response mediated by CD8+T cells occur and attack the keratinocytes leading to apoptosis. This response would be exacerbated by the transmigration of lymphocytes binding to E-selectin present in the blood vessels, which is in a larger number in this disease. Furthermore, the CLA+T lymphocytes may have a role in the pathogenesis of the disease. There are many patterns of oral lesions, the reticular form is the most common and it is usually asymptomatic. The red patterns are less common, can cause more symptoms, and they are more associated with malignant transformation. The symptoms may be treated by several forms, but side effects may occur. Thus, patients with oral lichen planus require periodic follow up. The aim of this study was oral lichen planus literature review with emphasis on clinical and etiopathogenic aspects.