O Programa Antártico Brasileiro como instrumento de poder para a geopolítica do Brasil

Abstract

From the activities carried out by the Brazilian Antarctic Program (PROANTAR), scientific research in Antarctica generates benefits that contribute to the projection of Brazilian National Power and, consequently, strengthens the Brazilian position before t he International System. For this thesis were used methodological tools that consisted of bibliographical researches of publications published in Brazil and abroad, in libraries, in addition to those available on the internet. Antarctica, a continent of ex tremes, possesses particular geophysical characteristics and presents a history of interests, territorial claims and is under the tutelage of the Antarctic Treaty System (STA), defined as a set of norms and principles of governmental actors who opted for s cience, cooperation and peace in the white continent. This system originated with the establishment of the Antarctic Treaty in 1959. Brazil, only on May 16, 1975, when giving up a territorialist and strategic - military bias towards Antarctica, accepted the principles of the peaceful use of the continent in favor of science and signed the treaty accession term, when it became the first non - European country, without considering the original advisory members, to be part of the STA. PROANTAR was created in 1982 and annually promotes high quality and diversified scientific research in the Antarctic region, through the direct contribution of the advisory group that evaluates the scientific merit of research, the environmental assessment group that measures the envi ronmental impact of operations on the continent and the operations group that analyzes the feasibility of the projects and plans the operation. The research carried out by PROANTAR and its continuity, through the accomplishment of 36 operations, demonstrat es the scientific and logistic capacity of Brazil. As a result, the activities carried out by the program through its groups contribute directly to scientific research on the southern continent and these researches produce results that influence all expres sions of power that seek to achieve and maintain national objectives. That is, the research carried out in the white continent generates benefits to the Brazilian State, identified in the political, economic, scientific - technological, psychosocial and mili tary dimensions of the National Power, for its contribution to Brazilian geopolitics, within the international system.