Tecnologia e guerra: implicações e desafios decorrentes do uso da força por meio de sistemas crescentemente autônomos

Abstract

The present study aims to present and reflect on the implications and challenges arising from the use of force through increasingly autonomous systems. For this purpose, the exploratory method is used, encompassing documental and bibliographic research. The time frame chosen is the advent of the War of Terror until 2015. This period is chosen because it understands that since 2001, drones became more widely used in military operations carried out by the United States of America, altering the way these are seen mainly from the point of view of his crew. However, in the world of constant technological changes, it is necessary to reflect on the application of artificial intelligence to military technologies. The drones correspond to the first stage of contemporary technological transformation, where remote controlled systems and automatic systems become increasingly used in operations involving the use of force. The "final" stage of this process can result in the creation and manipulation of fully autonomous systems, which operate without the need for human interference, making the man mere spectator of the conflict. Like the drones, lethal autonomous weapons pose a challenge for society due to its innumerable technological, cultural, social, political, strategic, legal, ethical and moral implications. As final considerations, the work indicates that the legal and normative aspects that involve these technologies are among the most debated by international movements and organizations. It is understood that increasingly autonomous technologies represent a danger to the protection of human life, and it is necessary to create various mechanisms of transparency and accountability