A evolução do terrorismo islâmico no século XXI: da Al-Qaeda ao Daesh

Abstract

The terrorist organizations Al-Qaeda and the self-styled Islamic state have conquered territorial space in Middle Eastern countries, mainly in Iraq and Syria, due to their ideological appeal and conjunctural issues in those territories that have been created decades ago. This research analyzes the process of formation of these two organizations, from the initial composition of Al-Qaeda to the formation of the "Caliphate" by the Islamic State, which originated from Al-Qaeda's Iraqi arm. The importance of this work is related to the fact that such extremist movements are increasingly challenging international peace and security and their teachings have become more dogmatic and conquered in various parts of the world. What factors would have contributed to the role of Al Qaeda and the Islamic State as Islamic terrorist organizations in the 21st century? In order to answer this central question, the methods of deductive approach and comparative the technique of indirect observation were used, through bibliographical research. As a theoretical basis, International Relations Theories dealing with the phenomena related to human action that transcend the geopolitical space of the States were used. In analyzing the development and mobilization of such clusters, the study concludes that the factors that allowed the strengthening of these terrorist organizations and the transition from Al Qaeda to Daesh was the evolution of the political situation in the Middle East unfavorable to the State of Iraq after 1990