Os critérios de seleção de navios para inspeções de Port State Control: uma comparação do Acordo de Viña del Mar com os principais acordos mundiais

Abstract

The maritime transport is the biggest responsible for global trade. It is a complex system with the interaction of several actors. It is important for everyone that there is safety for both the ship and the cargo, and that life and pollution prevention can beguaranteed. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) is responsible for centralizing issues related to maritime safety. Based on the accidents that occurred in the past, the IMO stimulated discussions to create regulations that raised the safety standards. The Port State Control (PSC) are regional agreements for ship inspections to verify that they comply with the requirements of international regulations and thus comply with safety standards. Due to the number of ships entering ports daily, it is not physically or economically feasible to inspect all of them. Therefore, criteria are used for the selection of ships. In this study, the methodology used was the deductive method for a comparative study. The collection of data about the selection criteria was obtained through each of the PSC agreements. The objective was to compare the criteria of ships selection to be inspected by the PSC of the Viña del Mar Agreement (AVM), an agreement in which Brazil is inserted, with the main agreements of the kind in the world: Paris MoU, Tokyo MoU and USCG. The result was that, unlike other agreements, AVM did not develop the selection criteria based on a risk analysis and did not have discussions to improve the adopted criteria. It is recommended that the member States of the agreement include discussions on this subject and dialogue with other regional agreements, in order to select ships more assertively and thus optimize resources for maritime safety