Comportamento seguro e variáveis psicológicas relacionadas à cultura de segurança na aviação

Abstract

The safety culture is an important field of study that has as purpose like formations of value, beliefs and attitudes, also to personnel management actions to reduce risks in dangerous activities. In organizations that have potential risk in their activities, such as aviation, the study of psychological variables related to the safety culture is of great importance for accident prevention that can cause damage and affects everyone who deals directly or indirectly with the activity. In this context, safe behavior presents itself as an important component in the identification of errors and active failures or latent conditions, which according to Reason (1997) can have a natural cause in the individual as in the system. The objective of this study was to develop an instrument for measuring the assessment of safe behavior at work. In addition, to identifying reliable, valid and well-structured instruments for use by psychologists and professionals working in the field of the human factor, related to the culture of safety, affective commitment and safety climate. The research is quantitative and comparative in nature and apply transversal and correlational methods. The study was carried out with 697 members of the São Pedro da Aldeia Aeronaval Complex, which has different organizations from the Brazilian Navy working with naval aviation in Rio de Janeiro. Among the instruments studied were the Questionnaire for Organizational and Human Factors Survey (DIAS et al., 2010), the Affective Commitment Scale (SIQUEIRA, 2009); the Safety Climate Scale (HAHN and MURPHY, 2008); and a Assessment of Safe Behavior at Work Scale, built and validated for application in the field of work safety, also applied in the aviation safety culture. Between the results, the Safe Behavior Scale was subjected to exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, the obtained values in the literature being in the main adjustment indexes of the model: X2/gl=2.96, RMR=0.01, GFI=0.97, AGFI=0.95, CFI=0.99, RMSEA=0.05(0.04-0.07), and also indicate a good structure with the other instruments analyzed. Safe behavior was identified in this study as an important variable of a psychological nature, related to the formation of attitudes, values and behaviors. Whose analysis enables the identification of errors or unsafe acts. Therefore, contextualizing as a component of an effective safety culture.