O emprego da Marinha do Brasil na ajuda humanitária: uma análise da participação dos oficiais médicos da Marinha do Brasil na operação acolhida

Abstract

In the actual international scene, in which humanitarian crisis are growing and entailing forced migration, leading to an increased need of assistance in different parts of the globe, the Brazilian Navy needs to improve its capacity and have its personnel prepared to act in humanitarian operations. Thus, it becomes important to analyze the lessons learned on the participations of the military in past and ongoing operations, in order to improve its performance in future operations. The deep economic and social crisis taking place in Venezuela has forced lots of Venezuelan citizens to search for alternatives in other countries and Brazil has been chosen as one of their destinations through the border line in Roraima, where a great number of refugees has been welcomed by the Operation Acolhida, a humanitarian operation brought together by the Ministry of Defense. The present paper has the goal of analyzing the participation of the military physicians of the Brazilian Navy on the Operation Acolhida, which began in March of 2018, based on a questionnaire in which it was evaluated the participation of 46 Navy doctors in the time period between March of 2018 and March of 2020, in order to verify the main issues they faced during their duties in the mission. Another proposal of the present research was to suggest improvements for the performance of these professionals in humanitarian operations, as well as the generation of data from their experience, which enhances the spread of the institutional lessons learned. For the evaluations of the answers, the SWOT Matrix technique was applied. This tool allows cross analysis seeking for the search of solutions, elimination of weaknesses, fortification of strengthness, and the mitigation of threats by the utilization of the opportunities. It was observed that most of the difficulties were related to the lack of local infrastructure and training for the mission, therefore actions have been proposed to improve the capacity of the Brazilian Navy to face future challenges. Finally, it is proposed to be performed in future researches the evaluation and impact of the use of new healthcare technologies in operative scenarios, including humanitarian operations.