Os Programas de Saúde e o Sistema de Saúde da Marinha (SSM): análise e perspectivas avaliando a obesidade, doença da sociedade moderna, entre os militares pertencentes à tripulação da Base Naval do Rio de Janeiro: análise e perspectivas.

Abstract

Obesity is a chronic noncommunicable disease of high prevalence worldwide and of multifactorial etiology, whose comorbidities usually represent a public health problem and a concern for the Armed Forces in Brazil and other countries. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of obesity and its comorbidities in the working performance of the military from the Rio de Janeiro Naval Base, a military organization from the Brazilian Navy, located on the island of Mocanguê, in Niteroi. The following study carries out a deep review of the medical literature and scientific articles about obesity, as well as their prevalence in the Brazilian population. The research was based on the records of national health censuses of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics and the Ministry of Health, as well as in the Armed Forces from Brazil, from the United States of America and from the United Kingdom. The studies analyzed action plans for tackling chronic noncommunicable disease in the Brazilian Navy, in the states, in the municipalities and in Supplementary Health. However, the study of obesity in the military belonging to the crew of the Rio de Janeiro Naval Base was not statistically significant, mainly due to the impossibility of obtaining updated data from these military personnel, especially due to the implementation of the regime of special routines in the military organization as a consequence of the social isolation measures as facing the coronavirus pandemic. Rio de Janeiro Naval Base’s staff was composed of 1,138 military personnel, on April 6, 2020, 182 of whom had health restrictions and 41 were apart due to health treatment, with periods varying from five months up to five years and nine months. Data were collected from health inspections of twenty military personnel, four overweighted and sixteen with obesity, all male, 28 to 52 years old, with body mass index ranging from 28.8 to 35.1 kg / m². The main associated pathologies were diabetes mellitus type 2, present in nineteen soldiers; systemic arterial hypertension, in eighteen of those military personnel; dyslipidemias, in seventeen of them; osteoarticular problems in fourteen soldiers; and psychiatric disorders were present in three military personnel. Actions were proposed aiming at the diagnosis and early treatment of overweight and obesity in the military personnel, as well as encouraging the adoption and maintenance of healthy lifestyle habits. Further studies should be carried out in order to verify the prevalence of these nosological entities in the active military staff of Brazilian Navy and step in an intervention, improving their quality and life expectancy. Keywords: Obesity, chronic disease, comorbidities, public health problem, Armed Forces, Brazilian Navy, military, healthy living habits.