Estação de tratamento de efluentes sanitários

Abstract

The objective of this work is to study the treatment of sewage from ships through the on-board treatment units, considering the feasibility of these equipment, analysis of results and environmental laws that aim to protect the marine environment and life human. Marine pollution affecting the development of the world's population, the transmission of disease and the depletion of natural resources is part of its origin in the large quantities of sewage discarded in the seas and rivers. Sanitary effluent treatment units are equipment capable of rendering hazardous waste material safe for release back into nature. The treatment is done in three stages, the first consists of an aeration chamber, where colonies of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria will digest the decomposing organic material, in the second chamber the sedimentation of the solid by-product will occur, a residual sludge for various purposes will be directed to a specific tank at the same time as the liquid by-product, the water, will proceed to the third and final chlorination chamber for the last stage of disinfection of the sewage. This work is divided in 6 chapters: Introduction; Pollution; What is pollution; Sewage pollution; Initial concepts; How to classify pollution; How to measure pollution; Socioeconomic context; Politics and pollution: the oceans as "Common"; Global context: before MARPOL; International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution; Pollution by Ships (MARPOL); Annex IV: Prevention of Pollution from Sewage of Ships; Domestic policy; The effluent treatment plant; The purpose of the effluent treatment plant; How the plant works; The entrepreneurial vision for the future; The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; Final considerations. The study concludes the viability of the shipping activity with regard to sanitary effluents.