Diretivas para projetos de sistemas de aeronaves remotamente pilotadas na configuração Tail-Sitter

Abstract

This paper presents analysis on the tail-sitter design implementation for UAVs. The main goals are to understand basic project guidelines to select engines, design wings, propellers, and study the behavior in flight by performing numerical simulation. This kind of aircraft can perform vertical take-off and landing (VTOL), which is a great advantage for military operations, especially in naval scenarios. Therefore, evaluation and improvement proposals for tail-sitters can be a good contribution. To understand the basic project guidelines, the V-BAT 128, a tail- sitter UAV designed for military use, and two academic prototypes were compared. The numerical simulation implemented the model of the academic prototype of the V-BAT 128, in simulation software. The results indicated that the basic momentum theory and project guidelines published by Raymer (2018) can be a great contribution to the project of a tail-sitter, but the biggest challenge is the implementation of control to achieve stability in hover flight. Dynamic simulations in hover flight showed some improvements using PID controllers, but further improvements are needed to achieve full stability. Another contribution of this work was the calculation of several trim conditions, which contributed for better understanding the transition maneuver.