O perturbador dragão silencioso do Atlântico Sul: uma análise de caso da Nigéria e os reflexos para o Poder Marítimo Brasileiro

Abstract

Addressing the reflexes of the Chinese “Grand Strategy” for the South Atlantic, especially in the Gulf of Guine a belonging to the Federative Republic of Nigeria, interrelated with the military expression of Brazil, in a complex environment, requires multidisciplinary. The People's Republic of China presents itself as a Silent Disruptor of the Brazilian Strategic Environment, through the “Small Strategy” of South-South Cooperation and the maritime aspect of the One Belt One Road Initiative. Considered a global player, China values the “five principles of peaceful coexistence”: mutual respect for each other's territorial integrity and sovereignty; no mutual aggression; mutual non-interference in each other's internal affairs; equality and mutual benefit; and peaceful coexistence. Its “Grand Strategy” combines deterrence through a Naval Force of Blue Waters, with a presence abroad, but also work son the economic front, financing infrastructure works that support Chinese logistical needs in host countries. In this context, Nigeria presents itself as a promising country in the Gulf of Guinea, with an economy based on the export of oil and gas, which for historical reasons has a natural leadership on the West African Coast, in addition to the prospect of large population growth. In the Chinese string of pearls, Nigeria was the first African country to have a partnership agreement with China, with major rail, road and port projects, such as the opening of the deepwater port of Lekki. Brazil has interests in the Gulf of Guine, mainly in light oil imports from Nigeria, therefore, Brazil has relations with Nigeria and contributes to the maritime security of the Gulf of Guine by participating in Joint Operations in the Region. For Brazil, this scenario harbors opportunities, which can increase prominence and threats, forcing the Brazilian Naval Power to prepare for crises and increase the existing collaboration in African maritime and land spaces, especially Nigeria. Therefore, the present work, after analysis of China's relations with Nigeria, as well as the Chinese presence in the South Atlantic, presented strategic proposals for the Brazilian Maritime Power within the current conjuncture. Keywords: China. Nigeria. Gulf of Guine