A ONU e a unipolaridde : análise crítica

Abstract

The unipolarity exerted by the United States of America in the internationalsociety of States affects the performance of the ONU in the arduous task to preservepeace and security on the planet, the most important reason of its creation. Uncostededdetainer of power, expressed in political, , economic, technological and military sources,U.S.A. became a hindrance to that international institution, that is a recognized forumfor pacific solution of controversies, in the measure where its interests are opposed. Inthis situation, this superpower clearly disrespects the ONU, placing at risk thecredibility of this organization before the international scene. The boarding of this work is initiated historically with reflections on thecharacteristics of power, specifically as it is seen by chains of realistic and liberalthought, until the current days. The form as the power is exerted by the States, standingout the sovereignty of these in opposition to the international laws is the key of theproblem that the ONU has been facing, mainly on the handling of issues related to peaceand security. The ONU recognizes and respects the state sovereignty, despite the factthat it is against the international law, that has as reference its Constitution, todayexceeded in some aspects because it did not keep up with the evolution of theinternational community, since it was created more than 50 years ago and focused onattending the interests of the World War II victorious nations. The United States external politics was divided in phases for a betterexplanation of how the State acts in the international scene, including its relationshipwith the ONU. The studied phases were the periods of the bipolarity or Cold War, theunipolarity until the terrorist attack on 11/09/2001 and from that attack to present days,because Washington adopted different positions related to USA’s external politics inthese two different situations. The study of the performance of the ONU had as main point the United NationSecurity Council (UNSC), its most important agency, for being responsible for thesubjects that affect the international peace and security. The antecedents of its creation were discussed and its organic and functional structure, articles of the Constitution thatregulate the Council and examples of USA’s disrespectfulness of UNSC werepresented. Opinions of illustrious people about the subject and the need for chanceswere displayed, with a suggestion concerning the constitution of the State-members ofthe Council, in the attempt to give back to the ONU the credibility so that its actionsrelated to issues about peace and security are respected by all institutions in the worldscene, and, therefore, becoming more efficient.