Detecção por radar e classificação de aeronaves remotamente pilotadas

Abstract

Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA) are conquering an increasing space in society; their technology has been evolving and allowing them to become smaller and more efficient. However, its increasing application is becoming a problem because these aircraft may be used for illegal purposes. Therefore, it is essential to know the detection capacity of current radar systems in the task of detecting such objects, which have reduced values radar cross section. Conventional radar systems cannot differentiate an ARP from birds, as the radar cross section of these targets is very close. Thus, the micro-doppler effect has been gaining prominence in applications that allow the differentiation of signals from birds and ARPs and also for allowing the classification of an ARP through the microdoppler effect generated by the movement of its rotating parts. Through the study carried out, it was possible to analyze the value of the radar cross section of quadcopter ARPs, analyze the performance of the VisionMaster FT 250 navigation radar and the ASR12 airport primary surveillance radar in the detection of ARPs, analyze the micro-doppler effect generated by the movement of the rotating parts of quadcopter ARPs and how this effect can be used to extract information on the rotation speed of the rotors and the size of the propeller allowing an initial classification to be carried out of these aircraft, in addition to verifying the micro-doppler effect produced by birds and visualize which features can be used to differentiate ARPs with aves. Finally, analyze the results obtained from measuring the micro-doppler effect using the FMCW radarlog radar generated by the ARP FIMI X8 SE flight and what requirements this radar needs to have so that it is able to process the micro-doppler effect -doppler generated by such aircraft.