Caracterização da zona de transição acústica de costões rochosos e seu potencial como recurso biotecnológico ambiental marinho

Abstract

The oceans are critical to life on the planet. However, different anthropogenic pressures have been threatening these systems, such as pollution, habitat degradation, and climate change. In this context, Marine Biotechnology can be a useful tool to achieve the main goals established in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. In the first part of this study, we conducted bibliometric analyzes on the use of Passive Acoustic Monitoring in marine environments to discuss its implementation as a biotechnological resource. Passive Acoustic Monitoring is an innovative tool that allows the monitoring of marine ecosystems at a distance, in a remote and non-invasive way. There has been a significant growth in scientific production associated with the use of Marine Passive Acoustic Monitoring in the last years. The main keywords identified demonstrate a direct relationship between the field of Marine Biology and the emerging branch focused on Biotechnology. In the second part of this study, we used data obtained from an acoustic monitoring project to characterize the soundscape of a rocky shore environment. The objective of this study is to analyze an acoustic transition zone as a metric in the evaluation of a marine environment. The monitoring was carried out on Ilha do Cabo Frio, in the municipality of Arraial do Cabo (RJ). Based on the analysis of the variation in sound pressure levels (SPL) distinct distribution patterns are observed in different frequency bands. The most noticeable changes in the transition zone occurred during the period of maritime traffic and during the dusk bioacoustic chorus. Using the Acoustic Complexity Index (ACI) a greater variation was observed in the transition zone, which may reflect the influence of anthropophony and biophony. The application of analysis involving acoustic transition zones in marine environmental studies can be an indicator of noise pollution. The apparent sensitivity of this zone can help identify the influence of noise and other variables on marine organisms. In this context, we estimate the use of bioacoustic signatures as a product and MAP as a service for environmental applications. The use of biophony as a biotechnological resource has great potential for monitoring populations, biodiversity and marine environmental quality. The recognition of the acoustic signatures of animals as a biotechnological product goes beyond the more traditional limits, which expands the possibilities for new areas of research. Passive Acoustic Monitoring allows monitoring autonomously, non-invasively and for long periods. Thus, the development and expansion of Marine Biotechnology are added to scientific efforts, in favor of the conservation of the oceans and their resources.