Cálculo dos parâmetros do arco elétrico para simulações em sistemas de corrente contínua

Abstract

The aim of this work is to introduce the modeling and simulation studies of the short-circuit effect in direct current (DC) systems using electromagnetic transient calculation programs in the time domain (named EMT programs). The focus is on the representation of the electric arc effect caused by the opening of protection devices during a short-circuit event. The content covered can be divided into two parts. In the first part of the work, it is performed a bibliographic review about the electric arc phenomenon, showing its main characteristics and its application in the interruption of short-circuit currents in DC systems with voltages up to 3600 V . In this part, the main electric arc models presented in the literature are reviewed, as well as some of the techniques commonly used to define their parameters. In the second part, the simulation of a short-circuit test performed on a railway system protected by a DC High-Speed Circuit Breaker (HSCB) is implemented, aiming to reproduce a real oscillography record published in international articles. For this simulation, the different models of electric arc presented in the first part of the work were tested, in order to compare the simulated results with the measurements obtained from the tests. The simulated results were adherent to the measured data, attesting the adequacy of genetic algorithms in the parameter estimation process.