Matriz de conteúdos necessários ao pediatra conhecer para realização da consulta pré-natal: construção por meio da técnica Delphi

Abstract

The prenatal pediatric visit, whenever possible, should be the first childcare activity experienced by the family and, despite its importance in reducing neonatal morbidity and mortality, it is still little widespread among pediatricians. Objective: To construct the matrix of contents needed by pediatricians to carry out prenatal consultations, resulting from the consensus of pediatricians, obtained through the Delphi technique. Methods: Quali-quantitative, descriptive exploratory study, using the Delphi technique in two rounds, with the application of two online questionnaires to a panel of pediatricians, in order to obtain a consensus matrix. In the first round, a questionnaire was applied with structured questions to outline the sociodemographic profile of the participants and an open question, in which pediatricians listed the knowledge they considered necessary for carrying out the prenatal consultation. For the structured questions, descriptive statistical analysis was used in Excel, with frequency calculation. After content analysis of the answers to the open question, categories were created and items with similar answers were grouped. The items were taken to the panel for verification in the second round, in which the specialists indicated the degree of agreement (five-point Likert scale: from “not important” to “very important”). The consensus to keep the item in the matrix was pre-established at 70% for options from 4 to 5 of the applied Likert scale, “important” and “very important”, respectively, and for exclusion from the matrix at 70% for options 1 and 2, “not important” and “little important”, respectively. To assess the distribution of data in relation to the sociodemographic profile according to whether the participant was a neonatologist or not, the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was used. All data related to the inference were analyzed using the IBM-SPSSv.20 software, with a significance level of p<0.05 being accepted. Results: A matrix with 34 listed items was obtained and none of which were excluded by the pre-established criteria. The items “Breastfeeding”, “Vaccinating the newborn” and “Neonatal screening” obtained 100% consensus in options 4 and 5. There was no significant difference between the responses of neonatologists and non-neonatologists pediatricians. Conclusion: A matrix of contents needed by the pediatrician to perform the prenatal consultation was obtained using the Delphi technique, applied in two rounds. The items that make up the final matrix corroborate the existing literature recommendations on the consultation and the presentation of this matrix in script format equips the pediatrician for this action.