Cluster tecnológico naval no Rio de Janeiro : a sua importância para o desenvolvimento da economia do mar, desafios e perspectivas.

Abstract

This research aims to understand the importance of the Economy of the Sea for the sustainable development of the country, as well as to identify the challenges, opportunities and perspectives aimed at leveraging the Naval Technological Cluster of Rio de Janeiro (CTN- RJ), considered relevant and of strategic importance for Brazil. Interest in the sea has increased in recent years, due to the demand for food and energy, whose correlated activities have contributed to global socioeconomic development. In this context, the importance of preserving the Blue Amazon, as it constitutes a source of natural resources and biodiversity and aims to guarantee national sovereignty over this region. This will require greater awareness among Brazilian society about the importance of the sea, to provide a Naval Power capable of carrying out National Defense. In Brazil, there is still no statistical data for the accounting and economic contribution of the resources offered by the sea, which has hampered the elaboration, implementation and conduct of public policies and appropriate actions related to the marine environment. Maritime clusters present themselves as a solution for the organization of maritime spaces, as well as for governance models of regional and, eventually, national economies, catalyzing the respective economic and social developments, through the concept of the Triple Helix. In this scenario, CTN-RJ emerged from these competitive and comparative advantages already provided by the geographic characteristics of the state of Rio de Janeiro, in addition to the concentration of production chains related to the naval industry, logistical support, infrastructure of Shipyards, Naval Bases and Navy Arsenal of Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro (AMRJ), suppliers of basic inputs, as well as hosting renowned universities, military schools, and qualified labor. However, it has also contributed to the dissemination of information on this topic within society. Among CTN-RJ's priority activities, offshore oil and gas production, the fishing sector and strategic programs and projects under development by MB stand out, which has boosted the area of shipbuilding and repair, generating a considerable effect multiplier in the economy, and promoted technological development. Brazil is one of 10 countries in the world that has public maritime policies, which require review. Under the coordination of the Brazilian Navy (MB), a new proposal for the National Maritime Policy (PMN) was forwarded to the Civil House this year, after a debate involving several ministries and civil society. Also noteworthy is the weak awareness of the importance of the sea in society, the lack of planning for the use of maritime spaces and political articulation, as well as a national agenda to address the issue, along the same lines as the United Nations 2030 Agenda. (UN). In relation to state Maritime Public Policies, the Legislative Assembly of the State of Rio de Janeiro (ALERJ) approved the State Policy for the Economy of the Sea, as well as creating the State Commission for the Development of the Economy of the Sea (CEDEMAR). After comparing the successful clusters in Europe and the Aerospace and Defense Cluster, in São José dos Campos – SP, it is observed that the consolidation of these clusters depended on greater government participation, through tax incentives or granting the national private sector exclusivity. for the construction of ships and defense equipment, to strengthen its Defense Industrial Base (BID).