Aplicação de beamforming como técnica anti-jamming em receptores ADS-B

Abstract

The evolution of air traffic control reflects the maturing of aviation over time. Specialized bodies have been established to regulate and standardize air traffic management in response to increasing demands for harmonization and interoperability. In this context, innovative initiatives lead to a global review of aviation and air traffic management systems. The main product of these efforts is the Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) system, used in both civil and military aviation. Despite significant advances in favor of situational awareness in airspace, questions arise about the susceptibility of ADS-B to Electronic Attack Measures such as jamming. In the military context, these interferences require solutions for the Force to use the electromagnetic spectrum efficiently. Beamforming stands out for the possibility of optimizing the directivity of an antenna array. This research studied concepts and conducted experiments to answer the central question of the study: How effective are beamforming techniques in ADS-B receivers when faced with jamming? The methodology used was the deductive method for exploratory purposes, using bibliographic and experimental research techniques. Finally, it was concluded that there is evidence that the beamforming technique using the Linear Constrained Minimum Variance (LCMV) algorithm would be efficient against adverse effects caused by jamming due to the maintenance of the wrong bit rate parameter statistically below the level corresponding to arbitrary corruption of ADS-B messages.