Consequências radiológicas de um acidente severo em um reator de água pressurizada

Abstract

Nuclear power plays a crucial role in electricity generation, but severe accidents at PWR reactors such as Three Mile Island, Chernobyl and Fukushima highlight the significant risks associated with this technology. Therefore, this work aimed to analyze and understand the radiological consequences of an accident in a PWR-type nuclear reactor, considering its impacts on nuclear safety, public health and the environment. Through this study, it was possible to identify that in such accidents, the release of radioactive materials has serious radiological consequences. Exposure to radiation puts human health at risk, with the potential to cause cancer and other diseases in the short and long term. Furthermore, the spread of radioactive substances in the environment affects biodiversity and the balance of the ecosystem. To mitigate these risks, prevention measures, strict regulations and constant development of processes and personal training are essential. The most important lesson is to learn from past mistakes and constantly improve safety in the nuclear industry, ensuring that nuclear energy continues to be not only a reliable and safe source of electricity, but also maintains a high degree of safety in other sectors of application. Our final considerations are that, in a broader context, this study contributed to the understanding of the challenges and risks associated with nuclear energy. And finally, these proposals aim to deepen our knowledge about the safety and effectiveness of nuclear reactor operations. Implementing research in these areas is essential to ensure the integrity and success of nuclear operations and to mitigate the risks associated with nuclear accidents.