Soluções de sistema de controle e automação para navios: evolução tecnológica e desafios em segurança cibernética

Abstract

The industrial landscape for control and automation systems solutions has been changing rapidly over the past few years. The use of digital processing, as programming languages and network protocols, has been continuously growing under the aegis of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, also known as Industry 4.0. Since the introduction of concepts such as Networked Control Systems, which foresee the connection of sensors, actuators, and controllers through a communication infrastructure, network protocols have assumed increasing importance in the design of industrial facilities. Simultaneously, naval infrastructures have become progressively more complex since the last half-century. The development of microelectronics, with ever- smaller computers, has enabled the integration of these devices into naval systems, assisting in monitoring and control to support crews and engineers in their activities. As a result, the operation of merchant and military vessels has become more efficient and secure, increasing productivity, even with reduced personnel quantity. In this context, the convergence of operational and cyber domains can pose an unprecedented threat to industrial facilities and naval systems. This can be amplified using communication network protocols at the operational levels of complex control and automation systems. Thus, this work seeks to present analyses of systems such as SCADA Systems and a case study of the cyber-attack "Stuxnet" as a means of representing the vulnerabilities of Networked Control Systems. It also includes a simulation of a service degradation attack on a naval propulsion plant, with discussions on how the proposed attack can be effective, emphasizing the need to underscore the cybersecurity mindset in both industrial and maritime environments.