Enfraquecimento das instituições de poder: a perda de protagonismo da ONU na resolução dos conflitos internacionais

Abstract

This research aims to investigate whether the United Nations (UN), through the Security Council, is losing its prominence in mediating international conflicts. To this end, the work sought a theoretical framework that could conceptualize the sources of power in the international system, trying to frame how the main power-imposing agents are seen in the two major perspectives of International Relations, the realist and idealist currents, rescuing their foundational authors to explain how, in both visions, it is possible to understand the loss of prominence of the UN. Next, a segmentation of the performance of the UN Security Council was adopted in four periods, analyzing the resolutions approved for the major conflicts of each of these phases and comparing whether the actions were actually taken as planned, as well as whether they met the wishes of the global community, or only the interests of great powers. The methodology employed, therefore, starts from a hypothetical-inductive method, which explored individual cases to seek a general conclusion, using extensive bibliographical review and documentary analysis of the UNSC archives. At the end, a quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the number of resolutions issued was also made, to reveal the current effectiveness of the organization, proving that currently, its effectiveness has reduced, compared to younger organizations, such as NATO and regional blocs. The main conclusion obtained by the research is that, in terms of international conflicts, the UN is weakened by the multiplicity of divergent interests between its members and the overlapping power generated by powers such as China and the United States, whose investment capacity and influence in international crises, by themselves, are massive. At the same time, however, it was possible to verify an expansion of the importance and prominence of the United Nations in the global management of other international security agendas such as environmental, humanitarian, energy, and food.