O regime de não proliferação de armas nucleares e o impacto das salvaguardas no projeto do submarino convencionalmente armado e de propulsão nuclear brasileiro

Abstract

Considering that in 2008, under the presidency of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, the Brazilian State began to plan the construction of its first conventionally armed and nuclear-powered submarine, through a partnership with France that involves technology transfer, this dissertation aims to answer the following research problem: what is the impact of the signing of the Quadripartite Agreement and adherence to the NPT, by Brazil, on the use of nuclear energy, notably its application in the propulsion of naval means? To respond to the research problem, an initial hypothesis was elaborated which states that due to a scenario of international pressure for Brazil to sign the NPT, combined with security factors, international prestige, domestic, biological and technological politics, the Brazilian State signed in 1991 the Quadripartite Agreement, which implied more restrictive safeguards, regarding the use of nuclear energy for submarine propulsion, than the CSA model provided for in INFCIRC/153. Structured in three chapters, in the first chapter, a bibliographical research was elaborated with the intention of exposing the theoretical model of Joseph Cirincione; in the second chapter, Cirincione's theoretical construct was applied through a case study in order to ascertain the existence of the points set out by the author in his theory in the process that led the Brazilian state to sign the Quadripartite Agreement in 1991 and; in the third chapter, the comparative method was applied in order to compare and evaluate the impact of the safeguards accepted by Brazil regarding the use of nuclear energy for submarine propulsion with the IAEA's standard CSA model, INFCIRC/153. The initial hypothesis was tested at the end of chapters II and III and refined and validated.