Aquífero Guarani: a importância da cooperação internacional para sua defesa e soberania frente à uma possível escassez hídrica global

Abstract

Water is a vital natural resource for the survival of all living beings and an essential component for economic and social development. However, the growing concern about freshwater scarcity, coupled with population growth and climate change, makes the sustainable management of this resource a global challenge. This research focuses on the analysis of the Guarani Aquifer, one of the largest underground freshwater reservoirs in the world, located in South America and covering parts of the territories of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay. Against a backdrop of growing concern about global water scarcity, the study highlights the importance of international cooperation for the defense and sovereignty over this resource. It examines the joint initiatives of the involved countries, international treaties, and the challenges of shared management, emphasizing the geopolitical implications of water as a strategic resource. The research also addresses the risks of conflict, the need for clear regulatory frameworks, and the importance of regional awareness for the preservation of the aquifer. It is concluded that international cooperation is essential to ensure the sustainable, equitable, and peaceful use of this fundamental water reserve.