A importância estratégica da cidade de Natal-RN na Segunda Guerra Mundial

Abstract

In this work, we will explore the context that led to Brazilian participation in the Second World War, specifically the city of Natal, located in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, as well as its strategic importance, which culminated in its visible relevance in the conflict. The research was carried out through an analysis of historical documents, books, military records, government decrees of the time, monographs, magazines and scientific articles, together with a critical review of the existing literature on the topic. The study begins with contextualization based on an analysis of the evolution of the Brazil-USA Alliance during the Second World War, describing Brazil's initial pendulum policy between the Axis powers and the United States, influenced by economic dependence and advantageous German offers. However, with the US involvement in the war after the attack on Pearl Harbor, American pressure for a Brazilian position contributed to the subsequent breakdown of relations with the Axis countries, culminated in attacks by German submarines on Brazilian ships, culminating in the declaration of war against the Axis and formalizing the alliance with the Americans. Next, the situation of the Second World War on the Mediterranean front is addressed, highlighting the interaction between the main Axis powers and the Allies, specifically in North Africa, highlighting how Brazil, with emphasis on the Rio Grande do Norte region, It played a crucial role in the Allied war effort, particularly in the North African campaign, providing strategic bases for transporting supplies and troops to Europe and Africa. Finally, the work aims to explore a unique geographic location of the city and its importance for triggering actions in the conflict, the establishment of air and naval bases, which proved to be of critical importance for allied operations, providing fundamental support for actions subsequent periods in Africa and Europe. Furthermore, the work discusses the social, economic and cultural impacts resulting from the foreign presence in the city and the legacy left by the interaction between Americans and the local population.