Análise epidemiológica das internações por colelitíase e colecistite no Brasil, entre 2019 e 2023.

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Cholelithiasis is the formation of stones in the gallbladder, which can obstruct the bile ducts, leading to complications. The condition is often asymptomatic, but when obstruction occurs, it can cause severe abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, usually caused by obstruction of the bile ducts by stones. Cholecystitis can be acute or chronic and often requires medical treatment, including surgery, to remove the gallbladder. Both conditions are related to risk factors such as obesity, sedentary lifestyle, high-fat diets, and advanced age. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to quantify and analyze the rates of hospitalizations due to cholelithiasis and cholecystitis in Brazil. METHODOLOGY: The retrospective study with a quantitative approach used data from the SUS Hospital Information System (SIH/SUS), provided by the SUS Information Technology Department (TABNET/DATASUS). The analysis covered hospitalizations for cholelithiasis and cholecystitis in Brazil from January 2019 to December 2023, using descriptive statistics and tabulation in Microsoft Excel 2016 and Microsoft Word 10 spreadsheets. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Data on hospitalizations for cholelithiasis and cholecystitis in Brazil between 2019 and 2023 show a total of 1,402,062 cases. The Southeast Region had the highest number of hospitalizations, with 537,110 cases, followed by the Northeast Region with 368,538. In 2020, there was a drop in the number of hospitalizations due to the pandemic, but the numbers recovered in the following years, especially in 2023, with 382,704 total hospitalizations. The North Region had the lowest number of cases. CONCLUSION: The analysis of hospitalizations for cholelithiasis and cholecystitis in Brazil between 2019 and 2023 highlights regional inequalities in access to health care and in the prevalence of risk factors. The COVID-19 pandemic caused a temporary drop in cases, but the subsequent recovery reinforces the importance of public policies aimed at prevention and effective treatment, focusing on regions most lacking in infrastructure and adequate medical services.