Ameaças e oportunidades no atlântico sul para a força naval brasileira no cenário pós guerra fria

Abstract

The present thesis analyzes the threats and opportunities for the Brazilian Navy in the South Atlantic in a post-Cold War context, focusing on the period from 1990 to the present. The general objective of the research is to assess the implications of geopolitical transformations, maritime security challenges, opportunities for international cooperation, and climate change for the Brazilian Navy. To achieve this, the specific objectives include: identifying significant geopolitical transformations, examining unconventional challenges and threats, analyzing cooperation opportunities, and evaluating the impact of climate change in the region. This research is justified by the growing strategic importance of the South Atlantic due to geopolitical changes and global environmental challenges. With the increasing regional relevance, a deep understanding of maritime security dynamics is essential for the strategic planning of the Navy. The methodology used is qualitative, with a literature review integrating data from geopolitical studies, maritime security, and defense. Qualitative research allows for a detailed analysis of human experiences and social interactions that impact security in the region. Theoretically, the research is based on concepts of power and international security, addressing the effects of post-Cold War global bipolarity in the South Atlantic. Transformations such as the concept of the "Blue Amazon" underpin the analysis of the Navy's new strategies. The results indicate that the main threats to maritime security include piracy, drug trafficking, and maritime terrorism. In response, the Brazilian Navy has modernized its fleet and engaged in international cooperation efforts that strengthen regional security. Additionally, resource exploration, biodiversity protection, and collaboration under treaties such as ZOPACAS are highlighted as opportunities for economic development.