Caso USS Fitzgerald (2017): os componentes cognitivos e contextuais presentes no processo de tomada de decisão

Abstract

This paper highlights the cognitive and contextual components that influenced the decision-making process of the USS Fitzgerald crew, from the assumption of the watch to the moment of collision with the merchant ship ACX Crystal near Japan. The research investigates the interaction between intuition and rationality in the decision- making process, confirming that these two elements are intrinsic human capacities, complementary and essential in decision-making processes. Based on the understanding of the System 1 and System 2 model, the work distinguishes the main aspects involved in rational and intuitive thinking processes. This analysis revealed the complexity of the decision-making process, emphasizing that human thought can be both conscious and rational, as well as unconscious and volitional. Nevertheless, other emotional factors may contribute to decisions. Through a literature review and the case study of the USS Fitzgerald, the behavior of the ship's crew was investigated from the perspective of the cognitive and contextual components that influenced the inappropriate decisions, which ultimately led to the collision with the ACX Crystal. It was found that the human factor was the main cause of this accident; that conceptual aspects were neglected and influenced operational procedural errors; and that theoretical cognitive components and the operational context can degrade individuals' ability to make rational and efficient decisions. The study provides a foundation for future research aimed at developing new guidelines and improving decision-making support tools in critical and highly complex environments, such as the military.