A aproximação estratégica entre Brasil e África Ocidental, por meio da Marinha do Brasil, em especial São Tomé e Príncipe, nos últimos 10 anos

Abstract

Between 2013 and 2023, the strategic rapprochement between Brazil and the countries of West Africa, particularly in the Gulf of Guinea, facilitated by the Brazilian Navy, contributed to the region's security and stability, aiming to protect Brazil's economic interests. Cooperation with countries such as São Tomé and Príncipe strengthened Brazil's presence in a strategic area rich in maritime routes and natural resources. This initiative was part of a broader policy to diversify partnerships, crucial in the current global geopolitical scenario. The South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone (ZOPACAS) and the Community of Portuguese-Speaking Countries (CPLP) were fundamental in promoting regional stability. The Brazilian Navy's operations in São Tomé and Príncipe were critical for surveillance and response to transnational threats, enhancing maritime security and contributing to the objectives of these organizations. This research highlighted the influence of geographical factors and natural resources on international relations within the context of West African geopolitics, presenting a theoretical and methodological framework that employed interdisciplinary approaches to understand how naval diplomacy emerged as an element of smart power in international relations. Additionally, we discussed combined military exercises as a tactic of this contemporary strategy, suggesting that these joint efforts strengthened Brazil's strategic position in the South Atlantic, expanded its influence and power projection capacity, and demonstrated how Brazil prepared to utilize smart power in its strategic environment by showcasing its military capability and contributing to the deterrence of threats.