O emprego do Poder Naval em cooperação com a defesa civil em caso de desastres: comparação entre as ações das marinhas de Brasil e Chile no período de 2010 a 2021

Abstract

The increasing occurrence of natural disasters, intensified by environmental degradation and climate change, underscores the importance of cooperation between the armed forces and civil defense in emergency response. This dissertation examines the cooperation between the Brazilian Navy and Civil Defense in response to natural disasters, comparing it to the actions of the Chilean Navy in cooperation with its Civil Defense from 2010 to 2021. Thus, this dissertation aims to analyze, through documentary and bibliographic research, and subsequently a comparison between the actions of two navies, identifying similarities, singularities, and lessons learned from these experiences, as well as suggesting possible optimizations for the performance of the Brazilian Navy. The comparative nature will be through the analysis of two specific events: the Brazilian Navy's support for the floods in southern Bahia in 2021 and the Chilean Navy's response to the earthquake and tsunami in Chile in 2010, in light of the norms, defense doctrines of the respective countries, as well as modern naval power employment theory. The results indicate that, although there are differences in the approaches and methods of the two navies, there are some similarities, such as the importance of rapid mobilization and the need for effective coordination between civil and military entities. The highlighted singularities include the mindset regarding actions in support of Civil Defense and the method of mobilizing the navies. In the end, it was possible to identify ways to produce a more effective response from the Brazilian Navy, such as establishing a Local Command Post with autonomy to employ personnel and resources, and the presence of a Social Communication Officer on the ground for interaction with the press.