O emprego dos submarinos convencionais: as capacidades dos submarinos brasileiros diante dos novos desafios do ambiente marítimo

Abstract

Since World War II, there have been no naval battles between major powers, but navies around the world are preparing to face new maritime challenges. This study investigates these 21st-century challenges, analyzing how they influence the use of Brazilian submarines and their contribution to Naval Defense and Maritime Security, with a specific focus on the transition from the Tikuna-class to the Riachuelo-class submarines. In addition to the submarines' capabilities, it is essential to understand the geopolitical context that shapes maritime strategy, particularly the growing presence of powers in the South Atlantic, which directly impacts Brazil's security and sovereignty. The Brazilian Navy needs to be prepared to maintain continuous vigilance and defense. Protecting maritime routes is fundamental due to the increase in global trade and Brazil's dependence on exports. This study aims to understand the new challenges faced by the Brazilian submarine force and explore new possibilities for the employment of conventional submarines, comparing the capabilities of the Tikuna- class and Riachuelo-class submarines in relation to 21st-century maritime challenges and Brazilian strategic documents. The study provides a comprehensive view of the contemporary challenges of the maritime environment and the strategic responses of the Brazilian Navy, highlighting the importance of technological modernization and international cooperation to ensure security and sovereignty in the South Atlantic.