Impacto das sanções econômicas na crise ucraniana de 2022: Coerção estratégica, adaptações geopolíticas da rússia e o papel da estratégia não-militar

Abstract

ABSTRACT IMPACT OF ECONOMIC SANCTIONS ON THE 2022 UKRAINIAN CRISIS: Strategic Coercion, Russia's Geopolitical Adaptations and the Role of Non- Military Strategy Russia's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 led Western powers to impose strict economic sanctions as a non-military response, with the aim of isolating Russia commercially and avoiding nuclear escalation. Imposed by the United States of America, the European Union, the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, and Japan, the sanctions aimed to weaken the Russian economy and discourage military aggression. The objective of this research was to analyze the impact and effectiveness of economic sanctions as tools of strategic coercion during the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, focusing on the concept of non-military strategy and its role in contemporary strategy, in addition to identifying the main sanctions applied, their geopolitical objectives, and Russia's strategic responses to these measures. This study revealed that, although the sanctions had a significant impact, Russia managed to adapt its strategies to mitigate these effects. For Brazil, the lessons learned highlight the urgent need for a better-defined defense strategy, with an increase in budget allocation and modernization of the Armed Forces. It is essential to improve political and societal engagement in the formulation and implementation of defense policies. Furthermore, the comparison between Russia and Brazil highlights the need for robust industrial policies. Russia has shown resilience to sanctions, while Brazil is still struggling to overcome its economic dependence. To promote sustainable growth, Brazil must improve its industrial and innovation policies, learning from Russia’s adaptation. The methodology used was exploratory and descriptive, with qualitative analysis based on documentary research. In this study, the theoretical bases include theories of strategic coercion, economic sanctions, international security and international relations, in addition to the concept of non-military strategy.