Geopolítica Polar: A pesquisa científica na Antártica e seus desafios de divulgação e fiscalização.

Abstract

ABSTRACT Polar Geopolitics: Scientific research in Antarctica and its challenges in dissemination and oversight Antarctica is a strategic continent both for scientific exploration and for geopolitical interests. The Antarctic Treaty, in effect since 1961, established a model of international cooperation, promoting peace and science in the region. This work examines the policies for the dissemination and oversight of scientific activities in Antarctica, focusing on dual-use research, which may have both civilian and military implications, and their potential geopolitical consequences. The study compares the policies of Brazil and the United States, two consultative members of the treaty, and explores the tensions arising from the strategic use of science. Since 1983, Brazil has consolidated its presence in Antarctica through the Brazilian Antarctic Program and seeks to expand its international influence on polar issues. The research highlights the importance of inspections and transparency in scientific activities to ensure that Antarctica remains demilitarized. It concludes that despite the existing regulations, challenges persist, especially concerning the growing presence of powers like China and Russia, which may alter the geopolitical balance in the region.