Guerra híbrida e as teorias estratégicas clássicas: Impacto sobre as Infraestruturas Críticas do Poder Marítimo no século XXI

Abstract

This research examines the strategic theory of the Jeune École, an innovative approach developed in the late 19th century that emphasized the use of emerging technologies and asymmetric tactics to compensate the economic and numerical disadvantages of the French Navy. The study contextualizes the emergence of the Jeune École, highlighting its historical development and the fundamental principles that guided its strategies. Led by Admiral Aube, the Jeune École proposed the use of smaller and faster ships, armed with torpedoes and mines, aiming to economically destabilize enemies without direct confrontations. The contemporary relevance of this school of thought is analyzed, showing how its ideas have influenced modern naval strategies, particularly in the adoption of submarines and commerce raiding tactics. Furthermore, the work investigates the application of the Jeune École principles in the context of Hybrid Warfare, a modern concept involving multiple actors and simultaneous conflict dimensions. The research adopts the theory versus reality method to analyze the alignment of Hybrid Warfare targeting Critical Infrastructures of Maritime Power (CIMP) and their compatibility with the Jeune École strategies. The dissertation concludes that, despite historical limitations, the principles of the Jeune École remain relevant and current, highlighting the importance of strategic adaptation and technological innovation to face contemporary threats. This study contributes to the doctrinal development of the Brazilian Navy, offering valuable ideas for formulating effective strategies against hybrid threats to CIMP.