Embargos de petróleo como ferramenta de coerção: A influência na política externa dos EUA durante o conflito árabe-israelense de 1973 até os Acordos de Camp David

Abstract

The present dissertation examines the impact of the oil embargoes imposed by the member states of the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC) as instrument of geopolitical coercion. The study analyzes how these embargoes influenced U.S. foreign policy, particularly during the 1973 Yom Kippur War, and their consequences up to the signing of the Camp David Accords in 1978. Using a comparative design, the research confronts relevant academic theories with observed reality, collecting both numerical and non-numerical data, such as statistical surveys, official government statements, and communications. The analysis reveals that the oil embargoes were effective in causing a significant impact on the American economy, forcing the U.S. to reconsider its Middle East policies and adopt a more diplomatic and mediating stance. This research highlights the importance of economic sanctions as coercive tools and their capacity to shape geopolitical dynamics, providing important insights into the interactions between energy security and foreign policy. The relevance of the study lies in its ability to offer information that can assist decision-makers in the Brazilian Navy to better understand the geopolitical interactions associated with energy resource security.