Obtenção de sobressalentes pela Marinha do Brasil: Análise dos atuais parâmetros estabelecidos na Portaria GM-MD nº 5.175/2021 que orientam a decisão de adquirir equipamentos e sobressalentes no país ou no exterior

Abstract

ABSTRACT PROCUREMENT OF SPARE PARTS BY THE BRAZILIAN NAVY: Analysis of the current parameters established in Ministry of Defense Ordinance No. 5.175/2021 that guides the decision to acquire equipment and spare parts domestically or abroad This research analyzes the parameters defined by Ministry of Defense Ordinance No. 5.175/2021 for international procurement, which guide acquisition decisions based on the existence of domestic suppliers and price comparisons between national and foreign products, revealing a trade-off between strengthening the local industry and obtaining more competitive prices abroad. The dependency of the Brazilian Navy on imported items and the introduction of new guidelines by the ordinance highlight the need to improve decision-making processes in the acquisition of spare parts. The research examines two critical aspects: the use of the term "national supplier" and the definition of a 30% price difference between national and international products, from which acquisitions can be directed abroad. The results show that the use of the term "supplier" instead of "producer" broadens the possibilities for domestic procurement but may not bring the expected economic and social benefits associated with domestic manufacturing, and the 30% threshold does not adequately reflect the reality of tax and logistical costs in imports. It is concluded that if the principle of costeffectiveness is prioritized, purchasing decisions should be guided by efficiency, without distinction between national or international acquisitions. However, if the development of the national industry is deemed more relevant, a different systematic is suggested to be adopted by the Brazilian Navy, which verifies domestic production, reduces procurement time, and fosters the national defense industry. Ultimately, it is necessary to reassess the criteria of the Ordinance to more accurately reflect the reality of Brazilian legislation and import costs, promoting more effective management of budgetary resources.