Acordos de compensação comercial, industrial e tecnológica (Offset): Uma perspectiva de reduzir a dependência tecnológica do Brasil em relação a produtos de defesa

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to present the Commercial, Industrial, and Technological Compensation Agreements (Offsets) and their influence on fostering the Defense Industrial Base (BID), enabling a reduction in external dependency on suppliers during the acquisition of materials for the readiness of systems and military equipment for the Brazilian Armed Forces. Initially, the concepts of Compensation Agreements (AC) are outlined, including their characteristics, historical evolution, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of their use. The methodology employed is based on bibliographic research and the analysis of guiding documents related to national defense, such as the National Defense Policy (PND) and the National Defense Strategy (END). Subsequently, the research addresses the Normative Framework of Compensation Agreements in Brazil, highlighting the importance of drafting an appropriate regulatory framework to create a favorable environment for the national defense industry. For illustration, based on the 1988 Federal Constitution, whose Article 218 addresses Science and Technology (S&T) and stipulates that the State must promote and encourage scientific, technological, and innovative capacity development, documents derived from it are examined. Following this, an analysis of the experiences of various countries with the practice of Offsets is presented, highlighting how these experiences reflect the economic and strategic particularities of each nation. Additionally, based on the experiences gained from the Offset processes of the Brazilian Army (EB), the Brazilian Air Force (FAB), and the Brazilian Navy (MB), the study seeks to identify the contribution of these initiatives to the growth of the Defense Industrial Base. Finally, several measures are proposed that could be adopted to achieve more significant results