Gerenciamento e tratamento da água de lastro

Abstract

The waterway transport is undoubtedly the most cost-effective when it comes to international trade, since about 90% of the goods are transported by sea. However, it offers many risks, personal and environmental. And to maintain the commerce by ships it is necessary the ballast and de-ballast. According to the International Maritime Organization (IMO) it is estimated that ships carry about 12 billion tonnes of ballast water annually. Unfortunately, this causes environmental, economic and human impacts, because in the operations of abstraction and discharge of water, more and more exotic aquatic organisms are dumped in different ecological niches, in the northern hemisphere and in the southern hemisphere, aggravating the environmental imbalance. This monograph aims to clarify the reason for the use of ballast water in marine vessels, such as environmental impacts already caused by poor management and / or treatment, control measures to avoid damage to the environment and types of ballast water treatment. The international legislation, International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments, and Globallast and the national standard of Norman 20, is discussed.