A utilização de segurança portuária privada na redução da insegurança dos terminais de uso privado no Brasil

Abstract

This dissertation aims to address the security of Brazilian ports and terminals. Maritime trade carries more than 80% of Brazilian exports (BRASIL, 2018), and private ports hold accountable for 66.4% of cargo movements (ANTAQ, 2019). Among those ports, Brazilian Private Use Port Terminals (TUP) stands out. These facilities can outsource their security and, in doing so, it is necessary to identify the boundaries of private security agent’s actions. Thus, the General Objective is to identify aspects of private security on ports that contribute to planning a TUP’s security-based Wargame. It aims to analyze and to experiment with the rules applied to Private Security Companies (PSC) agents. Methodologically, it presents a descriptive and literature-assessing dissertation. Thereby, this dissertation sets six sections to achieve the objective mentioned above. First, it justifies the importance of port security, and it introduces basic concepts that are related to ports and private security. Second, it arranges the construction of a security-insecurity binomial that shows three major actors: Insurer (State), Insured (TUP), and Aggressor. Third, it analyzes these actors’ perceptions. Also, it presents the main characteristics of PSCs, TUPs, and threats that are related to Brazilian ports and terminals. Fourth, it analyzes the relations posed between such actors. Fifth, it compiles the main elements of security and insecurity environments to enable a port security Wargame designing for Private Use Port Terminals. And sixth, it recapitulates the dissertation. As a result, the security-insecurity binomial analysis identifies that: (1) the State aims to protect the TUP and to reduce its vulnerabilities, utilizing coercive, surveillance, controlling, and legal mechanisms. Also, it may permit security outsourcing that operates according to established requirements. (2) The Aggressor poses a threat to the TUP, and the State should acknowledge it, addressing the issue. As an example, it can relate to drug trafficking and organized crime, arms trafficking, or armed robbery. (3) TUP holds importance to the State, but it also shows vulnerabilities and relies on the State’s security. PSC services aim to prevent damages and to minimize insecurity effects. Those firms can operate in a Normal Security Level, as defined in the ISPS Code. Their presence in port facilities does not exclude, however, public security agent’s support.