Guerra híbrida no século 21: estratégias e implicações: uma análise das experiências da Rússia e do Irã e as implicações para a Defesa Nacional

Abstract

This work analyzes the concept of hybrid warfare and its implications for national security, focusing on the strategies employed by Russia and Iran. The research examines the historical origins, military doctrines and practical applications of hybrid warfare by these countries, as well as its implications for national defense, especially in the Brazilian context. The study reveals that hybrid warfare represents an evolution in contemporary conflict tactics, combining conventional and unconventional methods to achieve strategic objectives. It is characterized by the integration of military, cyber, economic and informational operations. The analysis of Russian and Iranian strategies demonstrates distinct patterns, but with similar objectives, highlighting the use of information operations, cyberattacks, proxies, disinformation campaigns, psychological warfare and economic pressure. The implications for national security are profound, requiring a multidimensional approach that includes strengthening cybersecurity, public education about disinformation, development economic resilience and improved coordination between security forces. It is concluded that understanding and adapting to the realities of hybrid warfare are essential to guarantee national security in an increasingly complex and interconnected world